This isn't really the place for this debate but a few final points! 1. They are not undergoing surgery, they are undergoing angiography which is distinct, and represents a very different population. 2. The statement that South Asians have smaller luminal diameters - on average - is not controversial. To some degree this is accounted for by their lower average height vs caucasians but this doesn't account for all of it. 3. Agreed on totally healthy individuals though that study will never exist as angiography - the means of determining luminal size - is too expensive, too time consuming and too risky to conduct on young 'healthy' populations for research. For now, therefore, this is the best information we have on the matter. 4. The reasons thought to lie behind this narrowing are controversial and almost certainly multi-factorial but are not adequately explained by higher cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. cholesterol, smoking etc) - and nor for that matter is South Asians' increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Just to be clear this is South Asians only. In general I agree, certainly as regards football, that socio-cultural reasons are far more important than genetic ones in development of elite players of sports such as tennis, football etc.